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- <text id=91TT1388>
- <title>
- June 24, 1991: Returning Fire Against AIDS
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- June 24, 1991 Thelma & Louise
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 44
- Returning Fire Against AIDS
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Could giving a vaccine to people after they are infected keep the
- virus from destroying the immune system?
- </p>
- <p> Even if an effective AIDS vaccine were discovered tomorrow,
- its development would presumably be of little benefit to the 3
- million to 5 million people around the globe who already harbor
- the virus in their body. Most vaccines work to prevent an
- infection, not to eliminate it after it has taken hold. Now,
- however, a group of scientists from the Walter Reed Army
- Institute of Research in Rockville, Md., believe they may have
- found a retroactive vaccine. In a study published in last week's
- New England Journal of Medicine, the team announced that
- repeated immunizations with a genetically engineered AIDS
- vaccine appeared to stabilize and perhaps even boost the
- beleaguered immune system of some infected people.
- </p>
- <p> The results are preliminary: only 30 patients took part in
- the experiment, which lasted a scant 10 months. All the
- subjects appeared healthy to begin with and had been host to the
- virus for less than seven years. Yet even if this vaccine never
- helps a single person with full-fledged AIDS, the Walter Reed
- team has sketched out a blueprint for a potential new weapon
- against the disease. "This is the first time anyone has proved
- that you can change the immune system in a chronically infected
- person," says Dr. Robert Redfield, research-group leader. "Now
- we have to find out whether or not this makes a difference."
- </p>
- <p> Scientists know that the body puts up a pretty good fight
- against the AIDS virus (HIV) in the early years of infection.
- But the great mystery has always been why the body cannot knock
- HIV out completely. One possibility is that the body has
- trouble "seeing" all of the virus. Like a Stealth fighter plane,
- HIV may have hidden parts that do not show up on the immune
- system's radar screen. As a result, the body may not manufacture
- all the different kinds of antibodies that could attack the
- virus. "We thought that if we could make the virus in a slightly
- different way, the immune system could see it better and mount
- a more effective response," Redfield says. "In other words, we'd
- be augmenting Mother Nature's own strategy."
- </p>
- <p> To achieve that goal, the researchers chose a vaccine,
- manufactured by MicroGeneSys of Meriden, Conn., that consists
- of genetically engineered pieces of the virus. The vaccine
- makers took strands of DNA that code for the outer covering of
- HIV and put them into another kind of virus, one that infects
- only moths and butterflies. The insect virus then produced AIDS
- proteins in addition to its own.
- </p>
- <p> The researchers injected these artificial AIDS proteins
- into 30 human test subjects. In 19 of the volunteers, the
- proteins apparently looked different enough from what their
- immune systems had already seen so that additional defensive
- reactions were triggered against HIV. Not only did these
- patients produce entirely new antibodies, but the number of
- their T cells, the key immune defenders the virus normally
- destroys, remained steady.
- </p>
- <p> "From a conceptual standpoint, the study is quite
- interesting," says Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National
- Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. But he cautions
- that any dangerous side effects from the vaccine could take
- years to show up. Even so, the preliminary effects were
- intriguing enough that Redfield has begun a second trial--with
- results expected in 18 months--to see if the vaccine can
- produce long-lasting benefits.
- </p>
- <p>-- By Christine Gorman
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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